Longhorn Beetles (Cerambycidae)

Longhorn beetles are a family of beetles with over 35,000 species. They are recognized from their long antennae, longer than the insect’s entire body in some species.

Scientific Classification

These beetles are separated into several subfamilies, which consist of several genera.

Subfamilies

  • Cerambycinae
  • Dorcasominae
  •  Lamiinae
  • Lepturinae
  • Necydalinae
  • Parandrinae
  • Prioninae
  • Spondylidinae

Genera

  • Anoplophora
  • Monochamus
  • Neandra
  • Brown prionid beetles
  • Rosalia
  • Iberodorcadion
  • Acrocinus
  • Prionoplus
  • Onychocerus
  • Dorcadion
  • Eburia
  • Typocerus
  • Xylotrechus
  • Cactus longhorn beetles
  • Chlorophorus
  • Clytus
  • Eodorcadion
  • Leptura
  • Strangalia
  • Anastrangalia
  • Macroleptura
  • Lepturalia
  • Pachytodes
  • Anoplistes
  • Amarysius
  • Pachyta
  • Stenurella
  • Lepturobosca
  • Tetraopes
  • Oberea
  • Purpuricenus
  • Tetropium
  • Desmocerus
  • Aromia
  • Rutpela
  • Trichoferus
  • Desmiphora
  • Eupogonius
  • Oncideres
  • Mecas
  • Euderces
  • Saperda
  • Megacyllene
  • Stenosphenus
  • Anelaphus
  • Neoclytus
  • Elytroleptus
  • Tragidion
  • Prionus
  • Cleroclytus
  • Ropalopus

Physical Description and Identification

Adult

Size: 0.75 to 1.5 in (1.9 to 3.8 cm)

Color:They are shiny black, with irregular white spots.

Other Characteristic Features: The only common feature among all the beetles in this family is their long antennae, which are connected with sockets located on their face.

Larva

The larvae of these beetles, called roundheaded borers, bore into the wood of host plants.

Pupa

Pupation occurs inside the tunnels excavated during the larval stage. This stage lasts for 13-24 days.

Egg

The females lay 25-40 eggs, which hatch in 1-2 weeks.

Quick Facts

Other names Long-horned beetles, longicorns
Lifespan Males: 50 days Females: 66 days
Distribution Native: Asia and South America Invasive: North America
Habitat Forests and woodlands
Predators Birds, lizards, scorpions, spiders, small mammals, and toads
Seasons active Late May through October
Host Plants Elm, maple, poplar, and willow
Diet of adults Leaves and twigs

Identifying the Damage Caused by Them

Some species, like the old house borer beetle, can cause damage to timber and living trees in the larval stage.

Did You Know

  • French zoologist Pierre André Latreille first described this family of beetles in 1802.
  • One of the beetles in this family, the titan beetle, is considered one of the world’s largest beetles, reaching 6.6 in (16.7 cm).